The crackdown, measured

Did the 2021-22 NBA foul crackdown reduce free throws?

Barely, league-wide. The NBA's shooting-foul rate went from 17.8 to 17.5 free throws per 100 possessions across the memo, a quarter of a free throw, and was higher than ever two seasons later. What changed was which players drew them.

The league barely moved

NBA shooting fouls drawn per 100 possessions, by season
SeasonFree throws per 100
2020-2117.76
2021-22 (the memo season)17.51
2022-2319.28
2023-2418.06
2024-2518.17
2025-2619.33

Specific players got repriced

Among the 208 players qualified on both sides of the memo, the change was surgical rather than league-wide. The five largest falls in free throws over expected per 100 possessions:

Largest falls in FTAOE per 100 possessions, 2020-21 to 2021-22
Player2020-212021-22Change
Trae Young+8.6−1.9−10.5
Evan Fournier+0.9−7.8−8.7
Hamidou Diallo+14.2+5.9−8.3
Mo Bamba−0.2−7.7−7.5
Malik Beasley−6.7−13.8−7.1

The skill survived

Across the rule change the ordering of players held at r = 0.85 over 208 repeat players, in line with every other season-to-season pair in the model. Foul-drawing is a repeatable skill; the memo repriced particular moves, not the skill.

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